UK VAT Calculator — Add or Remove 20% VAT
Add VAT to a net price or remove it from a gross price at 20%, 5%, or 0% rates. Instant net / VAT / gross breakdown. Free, no signup.
Two calculations trip everyone up in the UK: adding VAT to a net price (×1.20) and extracting it from a gross price (÷1.20 — not ×0.20). This calculator does both directions at the standard 20% rate, plus the reduced 5% rate for energy and the zero rate for most food and children's clothing.
Type any amount and get the net, VAT, and gross figures immediately — for invoices, receipts, expense claims, and VAT return reconciliation.
100% in-browser · no upload · no signup · nothing you paste or drop here leaves your device
EU VAT Calculator
Calculate VAT for all 27 EU member states — domestic B2C, cross-EU B2B reverse charge, and export. Multi-rate invoice support.
| Country | Std | Reduced | Super |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🇦🇹 Austria | 20% | 13 / 10 | — |
| 🇧🇪 Belgium | 21% | 12 / 6 | — |
| 🇧🇬 Bulgaria | 20% | 9 | — |
| 🇭🇷 Croatia | 25% | 13 / 5 | — |
| 🇨🇾 Cyprus | 19% | 9 / 5 | — |
| 🇨🇿 Czech Republic | 21% | 12 | — |
| 🇩🇰 Denmark | 25% | — | — |
| 🇪🇪 Estonia | 22% | 9 | — |
| 🇫🇮 Finland | 25.5% | 14 / 10 | — |
| 🇫🇷 France | 20% | 10 / 5.5 | 2.1% |
| 🇩🇪 Germany | 19% | 7 | — |
| 🇬🇷 Greece | 24% | 13 / 6 | — |
| 🇭🇺 Hungary | 27% | 18 / 5 | — |
| 🇮🇪 Ireland | 23% | 13.5 / 9 | 4.8% |
| 🇮🇹 Italy | 22% | 10 / 4 | — |
| 🇱🇻 Latvia | 21% | 12 / 5 | — |
| 🇱🇹 Lithuania | 21% | 9 / 5 | — |
| 🇱🇺 Luxembourg | 17% | 14 / 8 | 3% |
| 🇲🇹 Malta | 18% | 7 / 5 | — |
| 🇳🇱 Netherlands | 21% | 9 | — |
| 🇵🇱 Poland | 23% | 8 / 5 | — |
| 🇵🇹 Portugal | 23% | 13 / 6 | 4.14% |
| 🇷🇴 Romania | 21% | 11 | — |
| 🇸🇰 Slovakia | 20% | 10 | — |
| 🇸🇮 Slovenia | 22% | 9.5 / 5 | — |
| 🇪🇸 Spain | 21% | 10 / 4 | 0.5% |
| 🇸🇪 Sweden | 25% | 12 / 6 | — |
VAT rates are based on EU Council and national government data. Some member states have temporary rate changes or sector-specific rates not captured here. Verify with the relevant national tax authority.
How VAT works — illustrated
VAT is a consumption tax collected at every stage of a supply chain, but it is designed so the burden lands on the final consumer. A registered business adds VAT to its sales (output tax) and reclaims the VAT it paid on its own purchases (input tax), remitting only the difference to the tax authority. The rate is always applied to the net price, never to the tax itself, which is why going from gross back to net is a division, not a subtraction. Cross-border sales change the rules: cross-EU B2B sales use the reverse charge (0% charged, buyer self-accounts) and exports to non-EU customers are zero-rated.
Forward mode adds VAT to a net price; reverse mode extracts it from a gross price using the same factor of (1 + rate). The bottom strip shows when each of the three cross-border scenarios applies.
Lena, a Berlin-based illustrator, sells digital assets to customers in Germany, France, and the US. Germany's standard VAT rate is 19%.
- Domestic B2C (forward):invoice net €500 × 19% = €95 VAT → customer pays €595
- Reverse from gross:if a client quotes €595 gross, the net is €595 ÷ 1.19 = €500
- Cross-EU B2B:sale to a French business → 0% charged (reverse charge); the buyer self-accounts French VAT at 20%
- Export to non-EU:sale to a US customer → 0% VAT (zero-rated export)
About this UK VAT calculator
This page covers add vat to price, remove vat from gross amount, vat calculation formula 20 percent, net to gross vat — all the same underlying task as UK VAT calculator. The tool above is FreeToolHub's vat calculator embedded in full: every feature works right here, and nothing you process is uploaded to any server.
Frequently asked questions
How do I remove VAT from a gross price?
Divide by 1.20: a £120 gross price is £100 net + £20 VAT. The common mistake is computing 20% of £120 (£24) — that overstates the VAT because the tax is already inside the total. The calculator handles both add-VAT and remove-VAT directions correctly.
Which VAT rate applies to my product?
The standard rate is 20% for most goods and services. The 5% reduced rate covers domestic energy and some energy-saving materials; most food, children's clothing, books, and children's car seats are zero-rated. If your invoice shows a different rate, enter it manually and the math adapts.